Kernel Trait and Genetic Variability Analysis in BC2F1 Maize Lines Derived from Zea nicaraguensis Crosses
Senthilkumar V.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145 (Uttarakhand), India.
Priya Garkoti
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145 (Uttarakhand), India.
Varalakshmi S.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145 (Uttarakhand), India.
Thotla Naresh
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145 (Uttarakhand), India.
Narendra Kumar Singh *
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145 (Uttarakhand), India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop with significant applications in food, feed and industrial applications. This study aimed to increase maize yield and quality by evaluating core traits in introgressed Zea nicaraguensis individual’s recipients of LM13 and LM14 maize inbred lines. Kernel type, shape, color, dimensions and weight were assessed in 35 BC2F1 plants using standardized descriptor guidelines. Analysis of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, heritability and genetic progress showed significant genetic diversity and the influence of environmental factors. Significant sources of variability highlighted by principal component analysis were kernel color, endosperm color, and 100-seed weight. High heritability and genetic progress in kernel color and length-to-width ratio indicate great selection potential. Reintroducing the diversity lost in cultivated maize inherent in Zea nicaraguensis has the potential to improve both its agronomic performance and quality. Future research should aim to identify genetic markers and examine the interaction between genetic and environmental influences to optimize maize varieties for specific environments and consumer preferences, ultimately contributing to global food security and agricultural sustainability.
Keywords: Maize, Zea nicaraguensis, introgression breeding, kernel traits, genetic diversity