A Review on Molecular Mechanism of Plant Immunity against Fungal Pathogens

Sushila Choudhary

Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India.

Narsing Laxmi Prasanna

Department of Plant Pathology, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari- 396 450, India.

Ashwini S

Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka- 580005, India.

Rashmi Nigam

Department of Plant Pathology, J.V. College Baraut (Baghpat), C.C.S. University Meerut (U.P.) 250611, India.

Sanjay Kumar *

Department of Plant Pathology, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh - 474002, India.

Sachin Kumar Rathor

Department of Plant Pathology, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh - 474002, India.

Gireesha D

Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, SR University, Warangal, Telangana India 506371, India.

Arvind M

Department of Plant Pathology, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner- Jaipur, Rajasthan – 303329, India.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

The molecular mechanisms of plant immunity, with a particular focus on how plants defend themselves against fungal pathogens. Plant immunity is a complex, multi-layered system involving pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), which together form a robust defense against a wide array of pathogens. Advances in genomics and transcriptomics have significantly enhanced our understanding of these immune mechanisms by identifying key resistance (R) genes and uncovering the transcriptional networks that regulate immune responses. Proteomics and metabolomics further elucidate the functional aspects of immunity, revealing how proteins and metabolites are mobilized during pathogen attack. The advent of gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, has opened new avenues for enhancing plant immunity by enabling precise modifications of genes associated with disease resistance. The ever-evolving nature of fungal pathogens, driven by genetic diversity and environmental changes, poses              ongoing challenges. Emerging pathogens and the breakdown of existing resistance in crops underscore the need for durable resistance strategies, which can be achieved through the pyramiding of multiple R genes, susceptibility gene knockouts, and the harnessing of beneficial plant microbiomes. As climate change exacerbates the spread and virulence of fungal pathogens, developing climate-resilient crops that can withstand both abiotic stresses and pathogen pressures is becoming increasingly important. Future research should prioritize understanding the molecular dynamics of plant-pathogen interactions, leveraging new technologies for crop improvement, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to address these challenges. Ultimately, translating these scientific advances into practical applications will be crucial for ensuring global food security and sustainable agricultural systems in the face of mounting environmental and biological threats.

Keywords: Plant immunity, fungal pathogens, resistance genes, proteomics, disease resistance, metabolomics


How to Cite

Choudhary, Sushila, Narsing Laxmi Prasanna, Ashwini S, Rashmi Nigam, Sanjay Kumar, Sachin Kumar Rathor, Gireesha D, and Arvind M. 2024. “A Review on Molecular Mechanism of Plant Immunity Against Fungal Pathogens”. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27 (10):71-81. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i101431.