Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content of Selected Fin and Shell Fish from Named Rivers in Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria
Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology,
Page 1-10
DOI:
10.9734/jabb/2021/v24i830228
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in selected fin and shell fishes from Bodo and Kaa in Ogoniland were studied. PAH was determined by Gas chromatography, using Texas Natural Resource Conversion Commission, Texas (TNRCC TX) method. There was a total of 16 PAHs detected in the samples from the two sites, test site (Bodo) and control site (Kaa). Similar PAH accumulations were observed in the four species, but the concentrations of the PAH accumulations were different. For samples from Kaa, Mullet showed the highest total mean concentration of PAHs followed by Sompat grunt, Tilapia and the least was Shrimps. However, for samples collected from Bodo, Tilapia showed the highest total mean concentration of PAHs, followed by Sompat grunt, Shrimps, and the least Mullet. These findings were not definitive as to the source of the PAH, seemingly suggesting various or multiple sources of PAHs contamination in the studied sites. These variations may be attributed to their feeding habits. The mean and standard deviations for PAHs from the test site ranged from 0.08±.000b to 23.7±.473b, 0.05±.001b to 7.74±.346b, 0.02±.001b to 9.48±.002b, 0.07±.000b to 11.0±.029b for Tilapia, Mullet, Shrimps and Sompat grunt respectively and 0.18±.006a to 6.56±.064a, 0.08±.000a to 11.8±.555a, 0.05±.002a to 3.11±.036a, 0.05±.002a to 5.12±.059a for samples of Tilapia, Mullet, Shrimp and Sompat grunt respectively from the control site. In conclusion, the calculated potency equivalence concentration (PEC) for all the tested aquatic species collected from Kaa and Bodo were all above the screening value (SV) suggesting that the consumption of these aquatic species from the test and control site at a rate of 68g/day in an adult of about 60kg will expose the individual to a potential risk of cancer.
Keywords:
- Fin fish
- shell fish and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- contamination
- potency equivalence concentration
How to Cite
References
Baumard P, Budzinski H, Garrigues P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments and mussels of the western Mediterranean Sea. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1998;17:765–776.
Abrajano TA, Yan B, O’Malley V. High molecular weight petrogenic and pyrogenic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments. Journal of Environmental Geochemistry Treastise on Geochemistry. (B. Sherwood Lollar, ed.). 2003; 9:475-509
Nyarko E, Botwe BO, Klubi E. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) Levels in Two Commercially Important Fish Species from the Coastal Waters of Ghana and their Carcinogenic Health Risks. West African Journal of Applied Ecology. 2011; 19:78-84
Rocher V, Azimi S, Moilleron R, Chebbo G. Hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the different sewer deposits in the “Le Marais” catchment (Paris, France): Stocks, distributions and origins. Journal of Science Total Environonment, 2004;323: 107–122.
Yunker M., Macdonald RWR, Mitchell RH, Goyette D, Sylvestre S. PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Organic Geochemistry Journal. 2002;33:489–515.’
Gobas FAP, Wilcockson JB, Russel RW, Haffner GD. Mechanism of biomagnifications in fish under laboratory and field conditions. Journal of Environmental Science Technology. 1999; 33:131–141.
Ong MC, Shazili NAM, Menier D, Effendy AWM. Levels of trace elements in tissue of Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas from Quiberon Bay, Brittany, France. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science. 2013; 8(2):378–387.
Meador JP, Sommers FC, Ylitalo GM, Sloan CA. Altered growth and related physiological responses in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Canadian Journal of Fish and Aquatic Science. 2006;63:2364-2376.
Fowler SW, Knauer GA. Role of large particles in the transport of elements and organic compounds through the oceanic water column Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, University of Lagos, Lagos-Nigeria. Journal of Progress in Oceanograpy. 1986;16:147–194.
Bouloubassi I, Fillaux J, Saliot A. Hydrocarbons in surface sediments from Changjian (Yangtze River) estuary, East China Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1996; 42:1335–13462.
Kong KY, Cheung KY, Wong CK, Wong, MH. The residual dynamic of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in fishponds of the Pearl River Delta, South China. Journal of Water Resources. 2005;39:1831–1843.
United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP). Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland. Published by United Nations Environmental Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. 2011;7-49:198- 225.
ISBN: 978-92-807-3130-9
Cheung KC, Leung HM, Kong KY, Wong MH. Residual levels of DDTs and PAHs in freshwater and marine fish from Hong Kong markets and their health risk assessment. Chemosphere Journals, 2007;66:460–468.
Nisbet ICT, Rasmussen JB. Toxic equivalent factors (TEFs) for poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs). Regulation and Toxicology Pharmacy Journal, 1992; 16:290–300.
Russell F, Taberski K, Lamerdin S, Johnson E, Clark RP, Downing JW, Newman J, Petreas M. Organochlorines and other environmental contaminants in muscle tissues of sportfish collected from San Fransisco Bay. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 1997;34:1058-1077
United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories, EPA/823/B-00/007. Office of the United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington DC; 2000.
United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Workshop report on developmental neurotoxic effects associated with exposure to PCBs, September Research Triangle Park, NC. Risk Assessment Forum, Washington, DC. 1993;14–15.
Walker SE, Dickhut RM, Chisholm-Brause C, Sylva, S, Reddy CM. Molecular and Isotopic Identification of PAH sources in a highly industrialized urban estuary. Organic Geochemistry Journal. 2005;36:619-632.
Nkpaa KW, Wegwu MO, Essien EB. Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Levels in Two Commercially Important Fish. Species from crude oil polluted Waters of Ogoniland and Their Carcinogenic Health Risks. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2013; 3(8):128-137
European Commission (EC). Commission Regulation: Setting maximum levels for certain contaminats in Foodstuffs, (EC) No 1881/2006. Official Journal of the European Union. 2006;4:1-5
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Effects of Oil on Wildlife and Habitat; 2010. http://alaska.fws.gov/media/unalaska/Oil%20Spill%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf
Knutzen B, Sortland B. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in some algae vertebrates from moderately polluted parts of the coast of Norway. Journal of Water Resources. 1982;16:421- 418
Sikoki FD, Francis A. An atlas of fin fishes of the Andoni River in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Molsytem United Services, Elder Johnson Worlu close Port Harcourt. 2007;68
Schnieder W. Field Guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea, FAO, Rome Sharma MR, Gupta AB. Seasonal variation of physico-chemical parameters of Hathli stream in outer Himalayas. Journal of Pollution Research. 1990;23(2):265-270.
Berto D, Cacciatore, F, Ausili A, Sunseri G, Luca G, Bellucci LG, Frignani M, Albertazzi S, Giani M. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Diffuse Sources in Coastal Sediments of a Not Industrialised Mediterranean Island. Journal of Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 2009;200:199–209.
-
Abstract View: 41 times
PDF Download: 17 times
