From Code to Crop: How Bioinformatics is Transforming Crop Genomics in Modern Agriculture and Bettering Environment
Prajval V
GPS Institute of Agricultural Management, Bengaluru, India.
A. Krishnamoorthi *
NBPGR Pusa campus, IARI New Delhi -110012, India.
Riya Thakur
KVK, Chhindwara, MP, India.
Ruchitha T
Department of Fruit science, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, India.
Manish Kapoor
Department of Botany, Punjabi University Patiala, India.
Anushi
Department of Fruit Science, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology,
Abhishek Singh
Department of Agricultural Economics, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, 208002, India.
Karthik Chittibomma
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur-795004, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Advancements in bioinformatics have ushered in a new era in modern agriculture by seamlessly integrating computational methodologies with crop genomics. This paper explores the transformative impact of bioinformatics on crop genomics and its consequential benefits for both agriculture and the environment. Bioinformatics tools and techniques are instrumental in decoding the intricate genetic information of crops, leading to the development of tailored solutions for improved crop yield, resistance to diseases, and environmental sustainability. The first aspect of this transformation involves the utilization of high-throughput sequencing technologies, which generate vast amounts of genomic data. Bioinformatics algorithms play a crucial role in processing and analysing these data sets, enabling researchers to unravel the complex genetic codes of crops efficiently. This genomic information serves as a foundation for precision breeding programs, allowing scientists to identify desirable traits and accelerate the development of crops with enhanced resilience and productivity. Furthermore, bioinformatics facilitates the identification of molecular markers associated with key agronomic traits. This information enables the implementation of marker-assisted breeding, a technique that expedites the selection of desired traits in crops, reducing the time and resources required for traditional breeding methods. The result is the development of crop varieties that are not only more productive but also more resistant to pests and diseases, contributing to global food security. Beyond enhancing crop performance, bioinformatics-driven crop genomics also addresses environmental concerns. By deciphering the genetic basis of stress tolerance and resource- use efficiency, researchers can develop crops that require fewer inputs such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides. This not only benefits farmers economically but also reduces the ecological footprint of agriculture, promoting sustainable practices and minimizing environmental impact.
Keywords: Bioinformatics, agronomic, productivity, resource use efficiency, genomic