Classical and Molecular Methods of Identification as well as Estimating Nematodes: A Comparative Review
Krishti Rekha Puzari
Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Cinnamara, Jorhat, India.
Dumpapenchala Vijayreddy *
Department of Plant Pathology, Division of Crop Protection, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (New Delhi), ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560089 India and Division of Germplasm Conservation and Utilization, ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR), Post Bag No. 2491, H.A. Farm Post, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560024, India.
S V Nandeesha
Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Cinnamara, Jorhat, India.
Ampolu Santosh Kumar
Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Cinnamara, Jorhat, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Changing climatic scenarios accompanied with harsh ecological conditions are forcing various groups of organisms to evolve and adapt in different dimensions. Predominantly in the field of agriculture and crop science, several categories of new pests along with diseases are emerging voraciously causing havoc and causing panic-stricken situations for the farmers. Among the pests, nematode is one of the unnoticed categories contributing significantly to economic loss to the farmers. Due to monotonous crop protection practices in some of the areas as well as drastic changes in the environmental factors, new species of nematode are evolving and attacking economically important crop species. For that, we have to understand the pattern of feeding, oviposition site, life cycle, host searching behaviour, parasitic stages and susceptible host stage for attacking in order to form proper management practices. For understanding its mechanisms and behaviour, our prime concern will be its identification and taxonomic classification by various conventional as well as molecular approaches. Molecular approaches are turning out to be a useful and vigorous tool for the identification of the phylum Nematoda replacing conventional ones.
Keywords: Climate change, conventional and molecular techniques, estimation, identification, nematodes