Fundamentals of Biomedical Instrumentation (BMI): Principles and Application
Chukwuma Junior Josephson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
Banwo Faridah Mobolanle
Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
David Chukwuma Odanibeh
Department of Biotechnology, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Donatus Egwuatu
Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Peter Chidendu Anene
Department of Chemical Engineering, Lagos State University, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Jane-Frances Chinenye Ojobor
Department of Biological Science, Benue State University, Markurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Eberechukwu Osinachi Azubuike
Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
Chukwuma Great Udensi
Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
Chibuzo Valentine Nwokafor *
Department of Biotechnology, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, United Kingdom and Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Biomedical instrumentation is a cornerstone of modern healthcare, combining engineering, medicine and research to enhance diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. This paper review aims to educate and inspire new researchers and professionals in this interdisciplinary field. It explores the foundational concepts of biomedical devices, with emphasis on measurements, sensors, and signal processing. Key components such as transducers, electrodes, and amplifiers are discussed alongside the classification and application of instruments in clinical settings. Despite their benefits, challenges like electrical safety and rapid technological change remain. We highlight innovations like wearable devices and telemedicine, which promise to advance healthcare delivery. Biomedical instrumentation enhances healthcare through precise diagnoses and therapies, with advancements like wearable technology and telemedicine improving accessibility. Fostering multidisciplinary cooperation and research will lead to customized, efficient treatments.
Keywords: Biomedical instrumentation, biomedical signal, instrumentation principles, biosensor, medical devices