Comprehensive Overview of Plant Germplasm Augmentation: Strategies, Techniques and Applications
GJ Abhishek
The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi- 110012, India.
Deepika DD
The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi- 110012, India.
Jagdeesh MS
The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi- 110012, India.
Shridhar Ragi
The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi- 110012, India.
Kailash Chandra Bhatt *
ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Pusa, New Delhi- 110012, India.
Rajneesh Kumar
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture (FoA), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST–K), Wadura- 193201, J & K, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Plant genetic resources (PGR) are fundamental for crop improvement and conservation, encompassing a wide range of genetic materials including land races, modern varieties, and wild relatives. Effective germplasm exploration is essential for advancing plant genetic resources and ensuring agricultural sustainability. Traditional germplasm collection faces challenges such as remote locations, limited material availability, and transport issues. This review explores various strategies to address these challenges, including coarse-grid and fine-grid survey methods, multi-species versus species-specific collecting missions, and the implications of breeding systems on germplasm collection. It highlights the benefits of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in managing PGR, from incentivizing mapping strategies to optimizing conservation and evaluation processes. Additionally, the review emphasizes the role of in vitro techniques in overcoming limitations of traditional methods, detailing field and laboratory procedures for successful in vitro collection. By integrating these approaches, the review aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of PGR management, ensuring the preservation of genetic diversity for future generations.
Keywords: PGR, germplasm augmentation, GIS, conservation strategies, field exploration, genetic diversity