Use of Probiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry Farming: A Review
Mulyono Mulyono
*
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The use of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGP) aims to increase growth rates, improve feed conversion, and reduce morbidity and mortality due to disease in poultry. However, concerns about antimicrobial resistance and the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from animals to humans have led to the ban on the use of AGP in poultry. Probiotics are promoted as a viable alternative to antibiotics in the poultry industry. They offer essential benefits for growth performance and gut health while addressing the problems associated with antimicrobial resistance. They effectively replace AGP by improving nutrient absorption and competing with harmful pathogens in the poultry gastrointestinal tract. This transition to probiotics underscores the growing recognition of the need for sustainable agricultural practices that prioritize animal health and reduce reliance on antibiotics. However, the effectiveness of probiotics depends on the strain, dose, method of administration, and interactions with other feed additives. The incorporation of probiotics into poultry diets represents a significant advance in promoting animal welfare and production efficiency while reducing the risks associated with antibiotic use. This approach not only improves poultry health but also aligns with contemporary agricultural practices that emphasize sustainability and food safety.
Keywords: AGP, competitive exclusion, enzyme, immune response, probiotic, poultry