Current Trends in Vaccines against Parasite in Domestic Animals
Jashima Debbarma
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
J B Rajesh *
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
Payel Kar
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
C Christen
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
Kh Thanila Rose
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
Sherry Carelyne Marwein
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
Manas Das
Department of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh- 243122, India.
P S Behera
Department of Veterinary Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
H Lalrinkima
Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
H Prasad
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796015, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Numerous parasites can cause illness, which have significant effects on productivity and health of animals causing significant economic losses worldwide. Traditional control approaches, such as anthelmintic medicines, are challenged by drug resistance and residues in food products. As a result, the development of effective and sustainable parasite vaccines has emerged as an important topic of research. Parasitic infestation can cause economic loss in the livestock sector and the best way to prevent this loss is by vaccination. The agents that cause parasitic diseases are protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites, and each requires a unique strategy for prevention and management. This review overviews the present landscape of parasitic vaccine development, highlighting the key strategies, challenges, and upcoming future prospective. The ultimate objective is to create parasite vaccines that are safe, efficient, and profitable, enhancing animal welfare and promoting public health and global food security.
Keywords: Ectoparasites, endoparasites, helminth, parasite, protozoa, vaccine