Clinical Insights and IRIS Staging of Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs
Aditya Pratap *
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Amita Tiwari
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Devendra Kumar Gupta
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Amita Dubey
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Ran Vijay Singh
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Vidhi Gautam
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Apra Shahi
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Shashank Vishvakarma
Department of Veterinary Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Riya Mathur
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The present study investigated the occurrence and clinical features of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Jabalpur. Out of the total screened dogs, 764 were suspected for renal disorders, of which 81 dogs (10.60%) were confirmed to be suffering from CKD based on renal biochemical markers and nephrosonographic findings. The affected dogs were staged according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) classification system using serum creatinine concentration. Among these, 9 (11.11%) dogs were categorized in Stage I, 15 (18.52%) in Stage II, 22 (27.16%) in Stage III, and 35 (43.21%) in Stage IV, indicating that the majority of cases were presented in the advanced stage of the disease. Clinically, anorexia (100%), vomiting (82.72%) and weight loss (60.49%) were the most common abnormalities observed, followed by poor oral health (45.68%), altered posture of urination (35.80%), polyuria (18.52%), polydipsia (18.52%) and dribbling of urine (14.81%). The study concluded that chronic kidney disease remains a significant health concern in canine patients, with a higher proportion of dogs being diagnosed at the late stages of renal insufficiency. Early diagnosis and staging based on biochemical and imaging assessments are crucial for effective management and improved prognosis of affected animals.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, dogs, IRIS staging, clinical signs, nephrosonography