Study on the Correlation between Some Physical and Microbial Quality Characteristics of Peeled Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis)
Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, Volume 26, Issue 1,
Page 11-23
DOI:
10.9734/jabb/2023/v26i1613
Abstract
Background /Aim: The consumption of ready-to-eat fruits such as oranges has increased in recent times. This study assessed the correlation between some physical and microbial quality characteristics of peeled sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) sold in Yenagoa, the capital of Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Methodology: A total of thirty peeled oranges were purchased, three from each location. Standard microbiological methods were applied for the analysis.
Results: Results showed that the in situ characteristics and microbiological load of peeled oranges sold in Yenagoa, Nigeria were in the ranges of 1.86 to 3.15 Log CFU/g (total fungi), 1.56 to 2.86 Log CFU/g (total heterotrophic bacteria), 3.14 to – 4.19 (pH), 1.84 to 3.03 ppt (salinity), 3.27 to 5.00 mS/cm (conductivity) and 2.56 to 4.10 ppt (total dissolved solid). There was statistical deviation (p<0.05) for the in situ characteristics only. There was a positive significant association between the total dissolved solids and conductivity, and total heterotrophic bacteria and total fungi. Salinity negatively correlates with total heterotrophic bacteria and total fungi. The microbial isolates found in the samples include Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Proteus, and Micrococcus species, as well as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Fusarium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Trichoderma species.
Conclusion: However, with improved handling and hygiene levels among orange vendors, the microbial load could be reduced. Furthermore, the study showed that similar factors affected the total dissolved solids, conductivity, total heterotrophic bacteria, and total fungi. While the negative correlations that exists between salinity and total heterotrophic bacteria and total fungi revealed that diverse factors affect their concentrations in the orange.
- Fruits
- microbes
- orange
- public health
How to Cite
References
Izah SC, Aseiba ER, Orutugu LA. Microbial quality of polythene packaged sliced fruits sold in major markets of Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria. Point Journal of Botany and Microbiology Research. 2015;1(3):30–36.
Izah SC, Inyang IR, Angaye TCN, Okowa IP. A review of heavy metal concentration and potential health implications in beverages consumed in Nigeria. Toxics. 2017;5(1):1-15. DOI:10.3390/toxics5010001.
Izah SC, Etebu EN, Aigberua AO, Odubo TC, Iniamagha I. A meta-analysis of microbial contaminants in selected ready-to-eat foods in Bayelsa State, Nigeria: Public Health implications and risk-reduction strategies. Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances. 2022; 4:100017. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heha.2022.100017.
Nwachukwu E, Onovo OM, Ezeama CF. Effect of lime juice on the bacterial quality of Zobo drinks locally produced in Nigeria. Research Journal of Microbiology. 2007;2(10):787–791.
Agwa OK, Ossai-Chidi LN, Ezeani CA. Microbial evaluation of orange fruit juice sold in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. American Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Research. 2014;1(5):28-33.
Odu NN, Adeniji AO. Microbiological analysis of some packed fruit juices sold in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Nigeria. Nature and Science. 2013;11(4):30 –40.
Lateef A, Oloke JK, Gueguim-Kana EB. Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial strains isolated from orange juice products. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2004;3 (6):334-338.
Allafi A, Busamri S. Microbiology of fresh oranges after storage at room and refrigeration temperature conditions. International Journal of Food Safety, Nutrition, Public Health and Technology. 2011;3(1):1–3.
Daniel AA, Danfulani S, Barnabas BB, Peter G, Ajewole AE. Microbiological quality of sliced fresh fruits sold in Bida, Nigeria. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Science. 2014;3(3): 178–180.
Nwachukwu E, Ezeama EF, Ezeanya BN. Microbiology of polyethylene-packaged sliced watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) sold by street vendors in Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2008;2:192-195.
Izah, SC, Kigigha LT, Anene EK. Bacteriological Quality Assessment of Malus domestica Borkh and Cucumis sativus L. in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Research. 2016;01(02):05-07.
Kigigha LT, Izah SC, Kpea TB. Microbiological quality of fermented Cassava Flakes (Gari) sold in Yenagoa, Metropolis, Nigeria. Bulletin of Advanced Scientific Research. 2015; 01[07]:157–160
Kigigha LT, Ovunda HO, Izah SC. Microbiological quality assessment of suya sold in Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Biological and Basic Research. 2015;01[05]:106–109.
Kigigha LT, Samson GA, Izah SC, Aseibai ER. Microbial assessment of Zobo drink sold in some locations in Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria. EC Nutrition. 2018; 13(7):470-476.
Kigigha LT, Opusunju IC, Izah SC. Assessment of Bacteriological quality of puff-puff sold in amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Bulletin of Trends in Biological Sciences. 2017;1(1):18-22.
Kigigha LT, Berezi J, Izah SC. Bacteriological quality assessment of meat pie sold in Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria. EC Nutrition. 2017;6(6):189-195.
Kigigha LT, Igoya UOS, Izah SC. Microbiological Quality Assessment Of Unpeeled Groundnut Sold in Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Biochemistry & Microbiology Research. 2016;4(4):11-22.
Seiyaboh EI, Izah SC. Assessment of microbial characteristics of processed palm weevil “Rhynchophorus phoenicis” larvae sold in some market areas in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Journal of Advanced Research in Medical Science & Technology. 2020;7(1):24-29.
Orutugu LA, Izah SC, Aseibai. Microbiological quality of Kunu drink sold in some major markets of Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria. Continental Journal of Biomedical Science. 2015;9(1):9–16.
Ineyougha ER, Orutugu LA, Izah SC. Assessment of microbial quality of smoked Trachurus trachurus sold in some markets of three South-South States of Nigeria. International Journal of Food Research. 2015;2:16–23.
Babalola OO, Fagade OE, Gopane RE. Microbiological quality control study of some processed fruit juices by conventional approach. Life Science Journal. 2011;8(S2):18-24.
Polydera C, Stoforosb NG, Taouki PS. Quality degradation kinetics of pasteurised and high pressure processed fresh Navel orange juice: Nutritional parameters and shelf life. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies. 2005;6:1– 9.
Aneja KR, Dhiman R, Aggarwal NK, Kumar V, Kaur M. Microbes associated with freshly prepared juices of citrus and carrots. International Journal of Food Science; 2014. DOI :http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/408085.
Pepper IL, Gerba CP. Environmental microbiology. A laboratory manual. Second edition. Elsevier Academic Press; 2005.
Benson HJ. Microbiological applications: Laboratory manual in general microbiology. complete version, 5th edition. McGaraw-Hill, New York; 2002.
Cheesbrough M. District laboratory practice in tropical countries. Low price Edition part 2. Cambridge Press, England; 2004.
Holt JG, Kneg NR, Sneath PHA, Stanley JT, Williams ST. Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. William and Wilkins Publisher, Maryland. New York; 1994.
Kurtzman CP, Fell JW. The yeasts: A taxonomic study. 4th edition, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 1998.
APHA (American Public Health Association). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22nd ed.; American Public Health Association: Washington, DC, USA; 2006.
Iwuagwu JO, Ugwuanyi JO. Treatment and valorization of palm oil mill effluent through production of food grade yeast biomass. Journal of Waste Management. 2014; DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/439071.
Okoduwa SIR, Igiri B, Udeh CB, Edenta C, Gauje B. Tannery Effluent Treatment by Yeast Species Isolates from Watermelon. Toxics. 2017;5:6. DOI:10.3390/toxics5010006.
Izah SC, Bassey SE, Ohimain EI. Removal of heavy metals in cassava mill effluents with Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from Palm Wine. MOJ Toxicology. 2017;3(4):00057.
Izah SC, Bassey SE, Ohimain EI. Assessment of some selected heavy metals in Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass produced from cassava mill effluents. EC Microbiology. 2017;12(5): 213-223.
Izah SC, Bassey SE, Ohimain EI. Changes in the treatment of some physico-chemical properties of cassava mill effluents using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toxic. 2017;5(4):28. DOI:10.3390/toxics5040028. PMID:29051460.
Izah SC, Bassey SE, Ohimain EI. Assessment of heavy metal in cassava mill effluent contaminated soil in a rural community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. EC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2017;4(5):186-201.
Izah SC, Ohimain EI. Microbiological quality of crude palm oil produced by smallholder processors in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research. 2013;3(2):30– 36.
Ellis D, Davis S, Alexiou H, Handke R, Bartley R. Descriptions of medical fungi. Second Edition. Printed in Adelaide by Nexus Print Solutions, Underdale, South Australia; 2007.
Uzeh RE, Alade FA, Bankole M. The microbial quality of prepacked mixed vegetables salad in some retail outlets in Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science. 2009;3(9):270-272.
Bello OO, Bello TK, Fashola MO, Oluwadun A. Microbiological quality of some locally-produced fruit juices in Ogun State, South western Nigeria. E3 Journal of Microbiology Research. 2014; 2(1):001-008.
Rusydi AF. Correlation between conductivity and total dissolved solid in various type of water: a review. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2018;118:012019. DOI :10.1088/1755-1315/118/1/012019
Izah, SC, Kigigha LT, Okowa IP. Microbial quality assessment of fermented maize Ogi (a cereal product) and options for overcoming constraints in production. Biotechnological Research. 2016;2(2):81-93.
Izah SC. Variations in microbial density and in situ water quality characteristics of cassava fermentation medium for fufu production. MOJ Toxicology. 2018;4(6): 386‒389.
Okowa IP, Kigigha LT, Izah SC. Variation in physicochemical water quality parameters during fermentation of maize for Ogi production. Biotechnological Research. 2016;2(3):125-131.
Aghoghovwia OA, Umoru OD, Izah SC. Physicochemical characteristics of nun river at Gbarantoru and Tombia Axis in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Bioscience Methods. 2018;9(1):1-11.
Aghoghovwia OA, Miri FA, Izah SC. Impacts of anthropogenic activities on heavy metal levels in surface water of nun river around Gbarantoru and Tombia Towns, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Annals of Ecology and Environmental Science. 2018;2(2):1 – 8.
Izah SC, Aigberua AO, Ogwu MO. Trace element composition of Gallus gallus domesticus eggs and health risks associated with their consumption in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Journal of Food Safety and Hygiene. 2022;8(3):202-222.
Izah SC, Aigberua AO, Richard G. Concentration, source, and health risk of trace metals in some liquid herbal medicine Sold in Nigeria. Biological Trace Element Research. 2022;200:3009–302.
Izah SC, Uzoekwe SA, Aigberua AO. Source, geochemical spreading and risks of trace metals in particulate matter 2.5 within a gas flaring area in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Advances in Environmental Technology. 2021;7(2): 101-118.
Izah SC, Bassey SE, Ohimain EI. Assessment of heavy metal in cassava mill effluent contaminated soil in a rural community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. EC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2017;4(5):186-201.
Aigberua AO, Izah SC, Richard G. Hazard analysis of trace metals in muscle of Sarotherodon melanotheron and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from Okulu River, Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development. 2021;6(3): 1340-1356.
Ogamba EN, Charles EE, Izah SC. Distributions, pollution evaluation and health risk of selected heavy metal in surface water of Taylor creek, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences. 2021; 13(2):109–121. DOI: 10.1007/s13530-020-00076-0.
Uzoekwe SA, Izah SC, Aigberua AO. Environmental and human health risk of heavy metals in atmospheric particulate matter (PM10) around gas flaring vicinity in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Toxicol Environ Health Sci. 2021;13(4):323-335. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13530-021-00085-7.
Dubey RC, Maheshwari DK. A textbook of microbiology. 2013 Revised edition. S. Chad and Company LTD. Ram Nagar, New Delhi; 2013.
-
Abstract View: 62 times
PDF Download: 19 times
